GAUGE: When Not to Trust LLM-as-a-Judge in User-Simulated Evaluation of Task-Oriented Agents
- Source
- arxiv.org
- Author
- Umesh Bodhwani, Thanh Tran, Kai Wei
- Date

Context
An conversation can sound helpful even when the customer's task fails. In GAUGE, researchers at Amazon compared ratings of simulated service conversations with checks of task completion. Among conversations a human panel rated satisfactory, 57.5% failed, almost identical to the sampled conversations' overall 57.3% failure rate. Satisfaction therefore added little information about success in this sample. The paper reports the comparison separately from its tests of automated judges.
Judges given the task, tool calls and operating rules were more informative than satisfaction alone. This makes the target consequential: matching people's impression of a conversation is insufficient evidence that an agent completed the requested work.
- AI agent — An AI system that doesn't just answer once but works toward a goal in a loop — taking actions, reading the results, and deciding what to do next.
- eval — A repeatable test for AI quality — a set of tasks plus scoring — used the way software teams use test suites, because model output is too variable to judge by eyeballing.
- LLM-as-judge — Using one model to score another's output against a rubric, so quality can be measured at a scale human grading cannot reach.
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