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Naveen Rao

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Naveen Rao is CEO and cofounder of Unconventional AI, which is exploring computing architectures that use physical dynamics to perform AI computation. His earlier companies, Nervana Systems and MosaicML, were acquired by Intel and Databricks.[1][2]

Start with Neural co-evolution →
Naveen Rao

Education

Duke University

BS in Electrical Engineering

[4]
Stanford University

Study in Computer Architecture

[3]
Brown University

PhD in Neuroscience

[1]

Links

Unconventional AI X LinkedIn

Cofounder and Chief Executive Officer · Unconventional AI

Career

Rao studied electrical engineering at Duke and computer architecture at Stanford before pursuing neuroscience at Brown. His early career included processor design and neuromorphic research, connecting an understanding of engineered computation with how biological systems process information.[3][4]

Contributions

Unconventional AI’s introduction describes an effort to expose useful physical behavior in silicon to software, rather than simulating every state change with conventional digital operations. Rao leads the company with collaborators across algorithms, software and hardware. Biology-scale energy efficiency is the stated research goal, not a delivered performance result established by the announcement.[2]

Ideas

Design the model and the machine together

In Neural co-evolution, Rao questions treating matrix operations and existing hardware interfaces as fixed constraints for future AI. He argues for changing neural-network methods and hardware primitives together. The essay’s initial dynamical-system illustration is a simulation, with images credited to Matthew Bull; it demonstrates a research direction rather than a manufactured chip’s energy performance.[6]

Treat the workforce as part of the buildout

With Pat Gelsinger, Rao coauthored a Fortune commentary on AI, employment and infrastructure. They argue that expanding construction and technical capacity matters alongside chips and capital, drawing on their operating experience. The essay is their case for adapting skills and increasing productive capacity, including the disruptions that workers face.[7]

Tools, writing & talks

Writing, research & talks

  • Start here

    An argument for developing AI methods and computing primitives together, with a simulated dynamical-system example.

    Start with the hardware/software boundary and the dynamical-system illustration. Familiarity with neural networks helps with the examples; the initial simulation explains the research idea without demonstrating a finished hardware system’s efficiency.

    Author[6]
  • In a Fortune interview, Naveen Rao and Pat Gelsinger argue AI data center buildout is bottlenecked by skilled labor rather than chips or capital, citing a roughly 350,000-worker construction shortfall and electrician wages rising 2-4x faster than average.

    Catalog workOriginal source
  • The company’s explanation of its physics-based computing research goals and approach.

    Cofounder and CEO; company announcement[2]
  • A commentary connecting AI deployment with skills, construction capacity and employment.

    Coauthor with Pat Gelsinger[7]
References

Latest source check 2026-10-30

  1. [1] Naveen Rao official employer biography

    unconv.ai · Checked 2026-10-30

  2. [2] Introducing Unconventional AI

    unconv.ai · Checked 2026-10-30

  3. [3] Naveen Rao original O’Reilly author biography

    www.oreilly.com · Checked 2026-10-30

  4. [4] Naveen Rao HumanX original speaker biography

    www.humanx.co · Checked 2026-10-30

  5. [5] Naveen Rao X profile

    x.com · Checked 2026-10-30

  6. [6] Neural co-evolution, the inevitability of hardware and software co-evolution for AI

    unconv.ai · Checked 2026-10-30

  7. [7] Pat Gelsinger and Naveen Rao: we’ve seen Silicon Valley move fast and break things, but consider the math of where we’re headed

    fortune.com · Checked 2026-10-30

  8. [8] Unconventional AI original post sharing Rao and Gelsinger’s commentary

    x.com · Checked 2026-10-30

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