From Pixels to Pairs: A Comprehensive Benchmark of LLM-Based Key-Value Extraction in Noisy Document Settings
Source
Zahra Anvari, Vassilis Athitsos
Author
Zahra Anvari, Vassilis Athitsos
Date
Key takeaways · AI-distilled
As OCR corruption increases, performance gaps between different models narrow — a larger model's advantage shrinks because OCR quality, not model capability, becomes the dominant bottleneck.
The paper identifies three recurring failure modes under noisy OCR input specifically: key-value misalignment, hallucinationWhen a model states something false with full confidence — inventing facts, citations, or APIs that don't exist.Full definition →, and numeric corruption, rather than a uniform across-the-board accuracy drop.
Larger models' gains over smaller ones hold on clean text but diminish substantially once OCR noise is introduced, since extraction quality then depends on preserved textual fidelity rather than semantic reasoning capacity alone.
Terms in this piece · Glossary
benchmark — A standard public test set for comparing AI models — the shared scoreboards behind every "model X beats model Y" claim.
LLM — A large language model — the neural network behind tools like Claude and ChatGPT, trained on huge amounts of text to predict what comes next.
hallucination — When a model states something false with full confidence — inventing facts, citations, or APIs that don't exist.
Why it matters
Shows LLMA large language model — the neural network behind tools like Claude and ChatGPT, trained on huge amounts of text to predict what comes next.Full definition → document-extraction quality holds up on clean text but degrades sharply once real OCR noise enters the pipeline, worth testing before shipping document AI features.