When to Use an LLM Instead of an Embedding Model for Retrieval

• embedding — A list of numbers representing a piece of text's meaning, so that similar meanings end up numerically close and can be searched.
• inference — Running a trained model to get answers — the phase where AI is actually used, as opposed to trained.

New research shows LLMs now outperform embedding models on retrieval, but at much higher cost, giving engineers a concrete decision rule for when to swap one for the other.

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