• Karpathy builds a GPT from an empty file to training on real text, narrating every decision.
• Still the clearest way to replace "LLMs are magic" with an actual mental model of what is happening under the hood.
• Andrej Karpathy's video lecture + code: build nanoGPT from scratch step by step, training a small GPT on Shakespeare and then OpenWebText.

• NNrepoNeural Networks: Zero to Herogithub.com
• CNarticleControllable Neural Text Generationlilianweng.github.io
• GarticleGPT-5Ethan Mollick

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