MoE Token Routing Explained: How Mixture of Experts Works (with Code)

Routing is the central mechanism of MoE models, now thousands on the Hub. Understanding it helps engineers reason about inference behavior and model choice.

• token — The chunk of text a model reads and writes in — roughly three-quarters of a word — and the unit AI usage is billed in.
• mixture-of-experts — A model built from many specialist sub-networks where only a few activate per token, giving big-model capability at small-model running cost.
• inference — Running a trained model to get answers — the phase where AI is actually used, as opposed to trained.

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